The
Mayflower was the
ship that transported the
English Separatists, better known as the
Pilgrims, from a site near the
Mayflower Steps in
Plymouth,
England, to
Plymouth,
Massachusetts, (which would become the capital of
Plymouth Colony), in 1620.
There were 102 passengers and a crew of 25–30.
The vessel left England on September 6, 1620 (
Old Style)/September 16 (New Style),
and after a grueling 66-day journey marked by disease, which claimed two lives, the ship dropped anchor inside the hook tip of
Cape Cod (
Provincetown Harbor) on November 11/November 21.
The
Mayflower was originally destined for the mouth of the
Hudson River, near present-day New York City, at the northern edge of England's Virginia colony, which itself was established with the 1607
Jamestown Settlement.
However, the
Mayflower went off course as the winter approached, and remained in
Cape Cod Bay. On March 21/31, 1621, all surviving passengers, who had inhabited the ship during the winter, moved ashore at Plymouth, and on
April 5/15, the
Mayflower, a privately commissioned vessel, returned to England.
In 1623, a year after the death of captain
Christopher Jones, the
Mayflower was most likely dismantled for scrap lumber in
Rotherhithe,
London.
The
Mayflower has a famous place in American history as a symbol of early European colonization of the future United States. With their religion oppressed by the English Church and government,
English Dissenters called
Pilgrims who comprised about half of the passengers on the ship desired a life where they could practice their religion freely. This symbol of religious freedom resonates in U.S. society and the story of the
Mayflower is a staple of any American history textbook. Americans whose roots are traceable back to
New England often believe themselves to be descended from
Mayflower passengers.
The
main record for the voyage of the
Mayflower and the disposition of the Plymouth Colony comes from
William Bradford who was a guiding force and later the
governor of the
colony.
http://www.mayflowerhistory.com/